RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Many jobs are associated with psychological or social risk factors. Knowledge of occupational diseases is essential for adopting rational control measures. The aim was to study and describe frequent social, psychological and physiological risk factors for nurses. METHODS: Psychological and social risks were evaluated in nurses with regular or irregular shifts. In addition, differences between nurses or nursing assistants were studied. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test, Profile of Mood State, Athens Insomnia Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Minnesota Leisure Time were administered. RESULTS: Nursing assistants presented higher levels of body mass index and food restriction than nurses, nevertheless, nurses showed increasing tension in work. In nursing, shift work increases psychosocial risks, insomnia, eating disorders, and trait anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, nurses and nursing assistants in health centres and hospitals show high levels of exposure to psychological and psychosocial risks that are unfavourable to their health.
Assuntos
Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Assistentes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Tolerância ao Trabalho Programado/fisiologia , Tolerância ao Trabalho Programado/psicologia , Adaptação Fisiológica , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Atividades de Lazer , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Carga de TrabalhoRESUMO
Fundamentos: Los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (TCA) son uno de los principales temas de interés del siglo XXI. El creciente interés en el tratamiento y la investigación de los TCA ha fomentado el desarrollo de los métodos de evaluación, y ahora se pueden encontrar diversos cuestionarios para la evaluación de TCA, centrados tanto en las características de los hábitos alimentarios como de los aspectos psicológicos. Este trabajo pretende revisar los instrumentos de detección y evaluación que se utilizan ampliamente en la práctica clínica y la investigación en materia de TCA. Métodos: Las bases de datos científicas que se utilizaron para llevar a cabo la búsqueda bibliográfica fueron: MEDLINE , Cochrane , Scopus , PsycINFO , Psicodoc y Web of Science. Resultados: Los instrumentos descritos incluyen cuestionarios de evaluación y herramientas de medición para los síntomas específicos de los TCA. Discusión: Se discuten los factores que influyen en la validez diagnóstica de las diferentes herramientas de evaluación de los TCA. Estos problemas aparecen a causa de las dificultades asociadas a una detección del trastorno parte de los sujetos analizados. Conclusiones: Los TCA son enfermedades psiquiátricas complejas asociadas a aspectos nutricionales, que pueden derivar en complicaciones médicas importantes (AU)
Background: Eating disorders are one of the principal interest issue of the twenty-first century. The growing interest in the treatment and research of eating disorders has stimulated the development of assessment methods, and there are now many questionnaires for evaluating behavioral and attitudinal characteristics of eating pathology. Objectives: This work sets out to review the assessment tools that are widely used in clinical practice and research over eating disorders. In particular, it covers self-report measures with summaries of their psychometric properties. Method: MEDLINE , Cochrane , Scopus, PsycINFO, Psicodoc and Web of Science were searched up until nowadays for tools assessing the detection of eating disorders. Results: The instruments described include screening questionnaires and measurement tools for specific eating disorder symptoms. Discussion: There is also a discussion of distorting factors that decrease the authenticity of assessment tools. These problems arise from the definition of some constructs and from the phenomena of denial and concealment, which are frequent among eating-disordered individuals. Conclusion: Eating disorders are complex psychiatric and nutritional disorders with significant medical complications (AU)
